Lanthanum La
Another soft, silver metal, dysprosium has one of the highest magnetic strengths of the elements, matched only by holmium. Dysprosium is often added to permanent rare earth magnets to help them operate more efficiently at higher temperatures. Lasers and commercial lighting can use dysprosium, which may also be used to create hard computer disks and other electronics that require certain magnetic properties. Dysprosium may also be used in nuclear reactors and modern, energy-efficient vehicles.
Yttrium, a slivery-metallic transition metal, has often been classified as a rare earth element. Yttrium has been widely used in various fields. For example, yttrium oxide is served as the host lattice for producing phosphors which are used in colored televisions and LEDs. Yttrium is also used for producing a variety of synthetic garnets with different applications such as microwave filters, acoustic energy transmitters and transducers. Yttrium can be used to produce powerful pulsed lasers and superconductors. In biomedical field, yttrium is used in cancer treatment drugs, rheumatoid arthritis medicines and surgical supplies. Small amounts of yttrium can reduce the grain sizes of chromium, molybdenum, titanium and zirconium. Yttrium is also used to enhance the strength of aluminum and magnesium alloys. The addition of yttrium to alloys can generally add resistance to high-temperature recrystallization and high-temperature oxidation.
